COMPARISON OF THE APPLICATION OF HIJAB BANS IN FRANCE AND HIJAB COMPULSORY IN IRAN AND ACEH, INDONESIA WITH REGARDS TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION PRACTICES
Abstract
This research will compare and aims to determine the compatibility between the application of hijab bans in France through Law No. 2010-199, hijab compulsory in Iran through Article 638 of Islamic Penal Code of Iran 1991 and Aceh, Indonesia through Article 13 of Qanun No. 11 of 2002 with regards to freedom of religion practices, the issue resolution of religious discrimination by the governments of the third countries and determine the most suitable and appropriate countries for implementing hijab bans and hijab compulsory. The research used juridical-normative research which data were collected based on library research with a comparative approach. The results show that the application of hijab compulsory in Aceh, Indonesia was compatible with the freedom of religion and Aceh being the most appropriate country in implementing this rules. Furthermore, French and Iranian government has failed to resolve the discrimination issued that arise from the application rules and violated the Article 18 of UDHR 1948 and ICCPR 1976, the Islamic values and the principle of Maqashid Shariah. The researcher suggested that the government of France and Iran should review their national regulation on hijab bans and hijab compulsory comparably with the international human rights, Islamic values, the principle of Maqashid Shariah, French government should review the misunderstanding of the principle of laïcité and Iranian government should evaluate the performance of Gasht-e Ershaad.
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