Uji Kinerja Sistem Irigasi Tetes Otomatis pada Media Tanam Tanah Salin Terhadap Tanaman Baby Kailan (Brassica Oleraceae Var Achepala)

Nurul Sahira, Devianti Devianti, Mustafril Mustafril

Abstract


Tanaman yang tumbuh di lahan salin, mempunyai resiko kegagalan yang tinggi, kecuali jika lahan tersebut dikelola dengan baik sehingga pengaruh buruk dari meningkatnya kadar garam dengan sedikitnya intensitas hujan yang tidak dapat mencuci kadar garam dalam tanah. Kadar salinitas yang baik untuk sayuran berkisar 0 – 2 mS/cm. Salah satu pengelolaan lahan yang tepat untuk menurunkan salinitas tanah ialah irigasi tetes. Irigasi tetes otomatis dapat meningkatkan efesiensi pemakaian air untuk kebutuhan tanaman sekaligus penurunan salinitas tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tanah salin terhadap baby kailan menggunakan irigasi tetes otomatis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Lambhuk, Kecamatan Ulee Kareng, Kota Banda Aceh pengambilan sampel tanah dari Desa Krueng Cut dianalisis di laboratorium. Persiapan media tanam dengan mengambil tanah di lahan, dipindahkan ke dalam pot, dilakukan persiapan bibit dan penanaman. Pembuatan jaringan irigasi tetes, lalu pengkalibrasian sensor kadar air dengan sensor kelembaban dan penyetelan sistem irigasi tetes otomatis, dilakukan pengamatan untuk penurunan nilai daya hantar listrik, pH, tinggi tanaman, dan jumlah daun. Hasil analisis tanah diperoleh nilai daya hantar listrik awal sebesar 5,50 mS/cm. Penurunan nilai daya hantar listrik rata – rata per fase pertumbuhan ialah pada fase awal pertumbuhan 1,81 mS/cm, fase tengah pertumbuhan 2,01 mS/cm, dan fase akhir pertumbuhan 0,77 mS/cm. Penurunan nilai daya hantar listrik berkaitan dengan efesiensi pemakaian irigasi tetes otomatis, efesiensi pemakaian air sistem irigasi tetes otomatis selama penelitian ialah sebesar 100%. Efesiensi irigasi yang tinggi didapatkan rata – rata tinggi tanaman per fase awal ialah 4 cm, fase tengah 11 cm, dan fase akhir 14 cm dan jumlah daun rata – rata per fase awal ialah 6 helai, fase tengah 7 helai, dan fase akhir 8 helai. Pertumbuhan tanaman yang tidak optimal disebabkan karena nilai daya hantar listrik yang tinggi pada awal penanaman dan fase awal pertumbuhan yang mengakibatkan tanaman sulit untuk tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik. 

Performance of Automatic Drip Irrigation of the Planting Medium Saline Soils on Crop Cultivation Baby Kailan (Brassica oleraceae var achepala)

Crops grown in saline soil waterlogging due to high seas, unless the land is managed properly so that the adverse effects of increased levels of salt (salinity) in soil and water can be avoided. Salinity levels are good for vegetables is teh range 0 – 2 mS/cm. One of the approriate mangement to reduce salinity soil is drip irrigation. Drip irrigation with automatic control can improve the efficiency of water consumption for consumptive crop as well as declining salinity soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects saline soil to baby kailan with using drip irrigation aotomatic. The study was conducted in Lambhuk. Ulee Kareng District, Banda Aceh City. Soil sampling of Krueng cut for analysis ia a laboratory. Preparation of planting medium to acquire soil in the land and transferred into pots and seed preparation and palnting. The installation of drip irrigation. Then, do the calibration sensor with water content volumetric of vegetronik sensor and setting automatic drip irrigation system. Then, was observed to decrease the value of electrical conductivity, pH, height plant, and number of leaves. Results of soil analysis abtained initial levels of electrical conductivity of 5,50 mS/cm. Impairment of electrical conductivity on average per phase of the growth, early phase of growth is 1,81 mS/cm, middle phase of growth is 2,01 mS/cm and the final phase of growth is 0,77 mS/cm. Effeciency of water consumption use automatic drip irrigation system for the study is 100%. The observation of plant growth per day gained an average plant height per the initial phase is 4 cm, 11 cm middle phase, and the final phase at 14 cm. Average number of leaves per the initial phase is of 6 strands, 7 stands of middle phase, and the final phase at 8 strands. Plant growth is not optimal because the value of high electrical conductivity at the begining of the beginning of teh planting and the early phase of plant resulting difficult to grow and develop properly.



Keywords


Irigasi tetes otomatis; tanah salin; baby kailan; automatic drip irrigation; saline soil;

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v2i3.3707

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Alamat Tim Redaksi:
Fakultas Pertanian,Universitas Syiah Kuala
Jl. Tgk. Hasan Krueng Kalee No. 3, Kopelma Darussalam,
Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Email:jimfp@usk.ac.id