Perubahan Sifat Kimia Tanah Gambut Akibat Terbakar di Kecamatan Johan Pahlawan Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Indonesia
Abstract
Abstrak. Kebakaran lahan merupakan fenomena yang sering kali terjadi pada lahan gambut yang dikonversi menjadi lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Kebakaran gambut selain dapat mencemari lingkungan juga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh dampak kebakaran lahan terhadap perubahan kimia tanah di Kecamatan Johan Pahlawan Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan melakukan pengamatan lapangan dan analisis laboratorium. Sebanyak 16 sampel tanah komposit telah diambil mewakili lokasi gambut terbakar dan gambut yang tidak terbakar. Sampel tanah diambil dari kedalaman 0-20 cm dan 20-40 cm menggunakan bor. Uji t (P 0.05) digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan sifat-sifat kimia antara gambut terbakar dengan gambut yang tidak terbakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akibat kebakaran tanah gambut terjadi perubahan P tersedia, dan kejenuhan basa (KB), dan Ca-dapat ditukar antara tanah gambut terbakar dengan tanah gambut yang tidak terbakar. Setelah kebakaran, kandungan P tersedia, KB, dan Ca-dd terjadi peningkatan, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap pH H2O tanah, N-total, C-organik, kation basa tertukar (K, Mg, dan Na), serta kapasitas tukar kation (KTK). Areal gambut di Kecamatan Johan Pahlawan terdapat beberapa permasalah yaitu reaksi tanah yang sangat masam (pH 3,68-4,12), KB sangat rendah (4,93-11,53%), dan rendahnya kandungan K-dd tanah (0,03-0,08 cmol kg-1) sehingga perlu diberikan amandemen berupa kapur seperti CaCO3 dan dolomit serta pupuk kalium.
Kata Kunci: Kebakaran Lahan, Tanah Gambut, Sifat-sifat Kimia Tanah
Changes in the Chemical Properties of Peat Soil Due to Burning in Johan Pahlawan Subdistrict, Aceh Barat Regency, Indonesia
Abstract. Land fires are a phenomenon that often occurs in peatlands that are converted into oil palm plantations. Peat fires can not only pollute the environment but can also affect soil quality. This study aims to determine how far land fires are impacted on soil chemical changes in Johan Pahlawan Subdistrict, Aceh Barat Regency. The research was conducted using a descriptive method by conducting field observations and laboratory analysis. A total of 16 composite soil samples were taken representing the location of the burned peat and unburned peat. Soil samples were taken from 0-20 cm depths and 20-40 cm using a drill. The t-test (P 0.05) was used to see the difference in chemical properties between burnt peat and unburned peat. The results showed that due to peatland fires, there was a change in the available P, and alkaline saturation (KB), and Ca- could be exchanged between burned peatland and unburned peatland. After the fire, the content of available P, BS, and Ca-dd increased but did not affect soil pH (H2O), total N, organic C, exchange base cations (K, Mg, and Na), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The peat area in Johan Pahlawan District has several problems, namely very acidic soil reaction (pH 3.68-4.12), very low BS (4.93-11.53%), and low soil K-dd content (0.03-0.08 cmol kg-1) so it is necessary to give amendments in the form of lime such as CaCO3 and dolomite and potassium fertilizer.
Keywords: Land Fire, Peat soil, Soil Chemical Properties
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v9i4.32968
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