Identifikasi Sifat Kimia Tanah pada Lahan Sawah di Kecamatan Krueng Barona Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh

Abstract

Abstrak. Kualitas kimia tanah sangat penting pada tanah sawah karena berkaitan erat dengan ketersediaan hara tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi beberapa parameter kimia tanah pada lahan sawah di Kecamatan Krueng Baruna jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Ada lima lokasi tanah sawah yang diambil sampel tanah secara komposit pada lapisan tanah atas (0-20 cm).  Parameter kimia tanah yang dianalisis adalah pH H₂O, C organik, N total, kation basa tertukar (Ca, Mg, K, dan Na) serta kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) dan kejenuhan basa (KB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan sawah di Kecamatan Krueng Barona Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar bereaksi tanah masam hingga agak masam dengan nilai pH H₂O berkisar dari 5,66-7,77 dan mempunyai kandungan C organik, N total dan P tersedia sangat rendah, sedangkan K, Ca, Mg, dan Na-dapat ditukar secara umum tinggi hingga sangat tinggi. Nilai KTK tanah dan KB juga sangat tinggi. Kendala kimia tanah yang menjadi faktor pembatas terhadap tanaman padi adalah rendahnya C organik, N total, dan P tersedia. Kendala ini dapat dieliminasi dengan pemberian bahan organik dan pupuk N dan P.

Identification of Soil Chemical Properties in Rice Fields in Krueng Barona Jaya Sub-District, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province

Abstract. Soil chemical quality is very important in paddy fields because it is closely related to the availability of nutrients for rice plants. This research aims to evaluate several soil chemical parameters in rice fields in Krueng Baruna Jaya Sub-district, Aceh Besar Regency. There were five rice field locations where composite soil samples were taken from the top soil layer (0-20 cm). The soil chemical parameters analyzed were pH H₂O, organic C, total N, exchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation (BS). The results of the research show that rice fields in Krueng Barona Jaya District, Aceh Besar Regency react with acid to slightly acidic soil with H₂O pH values ranging from 5.66-7.77 and have very low organic C, total N, and available P contents, while K-, Ca-, Mg-, and Na-exchangeable are generally high to very high. The CEC value of soils and BS are also very high. Soil chemical constraints that are limiting factors for rice plants are low organic C, total N, and available P. This obstacle can be eliminated by applying organic materials and N and P fertilizers.