Evaluasi Ketersediaan N, P, dan K Tanah Sawah di Kecamatan Delima Kabupaten Pidie Provinsi Aceh

Miksal Miksal, Khairullah Khairullah, Sufardi Sufardi

Abstract


Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi status ketersediaan unsur hara N, P, dan K pada lahan sawah di Kecamatan Delima Kabupaten Pidie, Provinsi Aceh. Metode deskriptif melalui pengamatan lapangan dan analisis laboratorium digunakan sebagai metode penelitian. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan pada sepuluh titik pengamatan yang selanjutnya dikompositkan menjadi lima sampel. Sampel tanah yang digunakan untuk analisis diambil dari kedalaman 0-20 cm (lapisan olah). Sebelum dianalisis, sampel-sampel tanah tersebut dikeringanginkan dan setelah kering dihaluskan dan diayak dengan ayakan 0,5-mesh. Parameter ketersediaan hara yang dianalisis adalah pH (H2O), Al-dapat ditukar (Al-dd), N total, P tersedia, dan K-dapat ditukar (K-dd). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH H2O tanah berkisar dari 5,50-7,25 yang berkriteria agak masam hingga netral dan rendah kandungan Al-dapat ditukar sehingga tidak menjadi hambatan pada tanaman padi. Kandungan N-total bervariasi dari 0,13-0,26% (rendah hingga sedang), P-tersedia berkisar dari 2,00-5,70 mg/kg-1 (sangat rendah hingga rendah), sementara K-dapat ditukar berkisar 0,11-0,47 cmol kg-1 (rendah hingga sedang). Perlu dilakukan pemupukan dan pengelolaan tanah yang baik melalui pemberian pupuk organik atau pengembalian jerami untuk peningkatan efisiensi dan produksi padi terutama pada tanah sawah yang rendah kandungan N, P, dan K.

Evaluation of N, P, and K availability in Paddy Soils in Delima Sub-district, Pidie Regency, Aceh Province

Abstract. This research aims to evaluate the status of the availability of N, P, and K nutrients in rice fields in Delima Sub-district, Pidie Regency, Aceh Province. Descriptive methods through field observations and laboratory analysis were used as research methods. Soil samples were taken at ten observation points which were then composited into five samples. Soil samples used for analysis were taken from a depth of 0-20 cm (plow layer). Before analysis, the soil samples were air-dried and after drying they were ground and sieved with a 0.5-mesh sieve. The nutrient availability parameters analyzed are pH (H2O), Al-exchangeable (exch. Al), total N, available P, and K-exchangeable (exch. K). The results of the research show that the pH H2O of soil ranges from 5.50-7.25, which has the criteria of being slightly acidic to neutral and low in exchangeable Al-content so that it does not become an obstacle to rice plants. Total N content varies from 0.13-0.26% (low to moderate), available P ranges from 2.00-5.70 mg/kg-1 (very low to low), while K-exchangeable ranges from 0.11-0.47 cmol kg-1 (low to medium). It is necessary to fertilize and manage the soil well by applying organic fertilizer or returning straw to increase efficiency and rice production, especially in paddy fields that are low in N, P, and K content.


Keywords


Tanah sawah; ketersediaan hara; nitrogen; fosfor; kalium;

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v9i2.29753

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Fakultas Pertanian,Universitas Syiah Kuala
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