Efikasi Ekstrak Inggu (Ruta graveolens L.) terhadap Mortalitas Larva Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Di Laboratorium

Sasmita Idzni, Muhammad Sayuthi Sayuthi, Hasnah Hasnah

Abstract


Abstrak. Tanaman inggu (Ruta  graveolens L.) dikenal sebagai tanaman obat yang berasal dari Ordo Sapindales dan Famili Rutaceae. Daun inggu dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pestisida nabati karena berpotensi sebagai insecticidal, antijamur, anti bakteri, larvasida, reppelent terhadap serangga hama salah satunya  Diaphania indica. Serangga ini bersifat oligofag atau memiliki tanaman inang dari satu Famili Cucurbitaceae seperti melon, mentimun, semangka dan labu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi yang efektif dari ekstrak daun inggu (R. graveolens L.) dalam mengendalikan serangga D. indica. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non Faktorial dengan 5 taraf konsentrasi ekstrak inggu yaitu 1%,2%,3%,4% dan 5% setiap perlakuan diulang sebayak 4 kali sehingga terdapat 20 unit percobaan. Peubah yang di amati meliputi daya repelensi, mortalitas, persentase penghambat makan dan tingkat efikasi insektisida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak inggu berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya repelensi, mortalitas, persentase penghambat makan dan tingkat efikasi insektisida. Daya repelensi tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi 5%  sebesar 78,25% sedangkan daya repelensi terendah terdapat pada konsentrasi 1% sebesar 28,07% pada 1 jam setelah pengamatan (JSA). Aplikasi ekstrak inggu dengan konsentrasi 3% menyebabkan mortalitas sebesar 85% pada 4 hari setelah aplikasi, sedangkan mortalitas terendah pada konsentrsi 1% sebesar 42,50% pada pengamatan 4 HSA. Persentase penghambat makan tertinggi pada konsentrasi 4% sebesar 59,34%, sedangkan yang terendah pada konsentasi 1% sebesar 24,84% pada pengamatan 1 HSA. Tingkat efikasi insektida tertinggi pada konsentrasi 5% mencapai 100% sedangkan tingkat efikasi terendah pada konsentrasi 1% mencapai 15%. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak inggu efektif dalam mengendalikan hama D.indica dengan konsentrasi 3%. Tanaman inggu bersifat sebagai insecticidal, cara kerjanya bisa sebagai racun perut, racun pernapasan dan racun kontak.

Efficacy of Inggu Leaves Extract (Ruta graveolens L.) on Mortality Larvae of Diaphania Indica (Lepidoptera;Crambidae) in the Laboratory

Abstract.The rue plant (Ruta graveolens L.) is known as a medicinal plant originating from the Sapindales Order and the Rutaceae Family. Inggu leaves can be used as a vegetable pesticide because they have the potential to be insecticidal, antifungal, antibacterial, larvicidal, repellent against insect pests, one of which is Diaphania indica. This insect is oligophagous or has host plants from one Cucurbitaceae family such as melons, cucumbers, watermelons and pumpkins. This research aims to determine the effective concentration of inggu leaf extract (R. graveolens L.) in controlling D. indica insects. This research used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 levels of inggu extract concentration, namely 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%, each treatment was repeated 4 times so that there were 20 experimental units. The variables observed included repellency, mortality, percentage of feeding inhibitors and insecticide efficacy level. The results of the study showed that inggu extract had a significant effect on repellent power, mortality, percentage of feeding inhibitors and insecticide efficacy level. The highest repellency was at a 5% concentration of 78.25%, while the lowest repellency was at a 1% concentration of 28.07% at 1 hour after observation (JSA). Application of rosewood extract with a concentration of 3% caused a mortality of 85% at 4 days after application, while the lowest mortality at a concentration of 1% was 42.50% at 4 DSA observations. The highest percentage of food inhibitors at a concentration of 4% was 59.34%, while the lowest at a concentration of 1% was 24.84% at 1 DSA observation. The highest level of insecticide efficacy at a concentration of 5% reached 100%, while the lowest level of efficacy at a concentration of 1% reached 15%. It can be concluded that inggu extract is effective in controlling D.indica pests at a concentration of 3%. The inggu plant is insecticidal, how it works can be as a stomach poison, respiratory poison and contact poison


Keywords


Pestisida Nabati; Tanaman Inggu; Diaphania indica; Botanical Pesticides; Rue Plant; Diaphania indica;

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbot, W.S., 1925. A Method of Computing the Effetiveness of an Insecticide. Journal Economic Entomology, 18,pp.265-267.

Adriyani, R., 2006. Usaha Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan akibat Penggunaan Pestisida Pertanian. Jurnal kesehatan lingkungan, 3(1), pp. 95 - 106.

Ahdiyah, I., and Purwani. Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Mangkokan (Nothopanax scutellarium) sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Culex sp. Jurnal Sains dan seni, 3 (2), pp. 32 - 36.

Amna, U., and Halimatussakdiah, H., 2016. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Alkaloid dari Tumbuhan Alseodaphne peduncularis (Wall. Ex. Ness) Meissn (Medang Hitam) serta Uji Sitotoksik terhadap Sel HeLa (Kanker Servik). Jurnal Umum Teknik Terapan, 3(02), pp. 1 - 5.

Arif, A., 2015. Pengaruh Bahan kimia terhadap Penggunaan Pestisida Lingkungan. Jurnal Farmasi UIN Alauddin Makassar, 3(4), pp. 134 - 143 .

Asgarpanah, J. and Khoshkam, R., 2012. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological properties of Ruta graveolens L. Journal of medicinal plants research, 6(23), pp. 3942 - 3949.

Aulia, W, C., and Puwarni., I., K., 2022. Uji Efektivitas Bioinsektisida Formulasi Granula dari Ekstrak Daun Hibiscus tiliaceus Terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura F. pada Tanaman Brassica chinensis. Jurnal Sains dan Seni, 5(11), pp. 2337-3520.

Ayil-Gutiérrez, B. A., Villegas-Mendoza, J. M., Santes-Hernández, Z., Paz-González, A. D., Mireles-Martínez, M., Rosas-García, N. M. and Rivera, G., 2015. Ruta graveolens extracts and metabolites against Spodoptera frugiperda. Natural Product Comunicatios, 10(11), pp. 1995-1998.

Bouabida, H. and Dris, D., 2020. Effect of Rue (Ruta graveolens) Essential Oil on Mortality, Development, Biochemical and Biomarkers of Culiseta longiareolata. Journal of Botany, 133, pp. 139-143.

Burga, L. N., 2005, Methltransferases from Ruta graveolens L: Moleculas Biology and Biochemistry. Universty Marbug Vorglegt von. .

Cho, Y., 2021. Jadam Organik Kendali Hama dan Penyakit, Larutan Swakarya yang Powerful untuk 167 Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman, Jalan Pembebasan dari Pestisida Komersial. Kumbang Printing. Daejeon, Korea.

Cui, C., Yang, Y., Zhao, T., Zou K., Peng, C., Cai. H., Wan, X., and Hou, R., 2019. Insecticidal Activity and Insecticidal Mechanism of Total Saponins from Camellia oleifera. Molecules, 24(4518). pp. 1-12.

Dadang, 2005., Pengendalian Hama Penyakit Tanaman Jarak Pagar (jatropha curcas Linn.). Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB, Bogor.

Djojosumarto, P., 2008. Teknik aplikasi Pestisida, Kanisius, Yogyakarta.

Glio, M. T. 2015. Pupuk Organik dan Pestisida Nabati ala Tossin Glio. PT Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta Selatan.

Gomez, K. A. and A. A Gomez., 1995. Prosedur Statistik untuk Penelitian Pertanian. Alih Bahasa: Syamsuddin and J.S. Baharsyah, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.

Haryoto, Luhurningtyas, P, F. and Munawaroh, R., 2013. Aktivitas Larvasida Fraksi Nonpolar Ekstrak Etanol Daun Inggu (Ruta angustifolia L.) terhadap Larva Nyamuk Anopheles aconitus dan Anopheles maculatus beserta Profil Kromatografinya. [Skrpsi] Fakultas farmasi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Surakarta.

Hasyim, A., Setiawati, W., Jayanti, H. and Krestini, EH., 2014. Repelensi Minyak Atsiri terhadap Hama Gudang Bawang (Ephestia cautella) (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) di Laboratorium (Repelency of Essential Oils Againts of Shallot Stored Insect Ephestia cautella (walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Under Laboratory Codition. Jurnal Hortikultura, 24(4), pp. 336-345.

Hosseinzade, S., Izadi, H., Namvar, P. and Samih, M. A., 2014. Biology, Temperature Thresholds, and Degree-day Requirements for Development of the Cucumber Moth, Diaphania indica, under laboratory conditions. Journal of Insect Science, 14, pp. 1-6.

Inyang, U. E. and Emosairue, S.O., 2005. Laboratory Assessment of the Repellent and antifeedant Properties of Aqueous Extracts of 13 Plants Agains the Banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera:Curculionidae). Journal Tropical and Subtorpical Agroecosystems, 5(1), pp. 33-44.

Ispatrika, A., 2019. Petunjuk Teknik Pestisida Nabati. Balai Pengkajian Lingkungan Pertanian, Badan Litbang Pertanian. Jawa Tengah.

Jamheski. and Feemster, W. M., 1999. a Pompeian Herbal : Acient and Modern Medicinal Plants. Universitas of Texas. Austin.

Johnson, S. A., Rodriguez, D. and Allred, K., 2020. a Systematic Review of Essential Oils and the Endocannabinoid System: a Connection Worthy of Further Exploration. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020, pp. 2- 13.

Julianto, T, S., 2019. Fitokimia Tinjauan Metabolit Sekunder dan Skrining Fitokimia. Buku Ajar.Universitas Islam Negeri. Yogyakarta.

Muta’ali R, and Purwani I, K., 2015 Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica) terhadap Mortalitas dan Perkembangan Larva Spodoptera litura F. Jurnal Sains dan Seni, 4(2), pp. 55-58.

Nadhila, D., Sayuthi, M., Hasnah., 2017. Pengaruh Campuran Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) dan Kulit Buah Jeruk (Citrus hystrix) Purut terhadap Mortalitas dan Perkembangan Crocidolomia pavonana (F.). Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian Unsyiah, 2 (4), pp. 1-10.

Nascimento, V. F., Auad, A. M., de Resende, T. T., Visconde, A. J. M. and Dias, M. L., 2022. Insecticidal Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Plant Origin on Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Agronomy, 12(4), pp. 1-13.

Perera, A. G. W. U. and Karunaratne, M. M. S. C., 2015. Eco-Friendly Alternatives For Storage Pest Management: Leaves of Ruta graveolens (Aruda) as a Repellent Against the Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. International Journal of Multidisciplinary. 2(2), pp. 51-58.

Perera, A. G. W. U. and Karunaratne, M. M. S. C., 2016. Efficacy of essential oil of Ruta graveolens Leaves Against Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) as a Biorational Pesticide in Post-harvest Pest Management. International Journal of Science, Environment, and Technology, 5(1), pp. 160-166.

Perera, A. G. W. U., Karunaratne, M. M. S. C. and Chinthaka, S., 2017. Biological activity and Secondary Metabolite Profile of Ruta graveolens Leaves Against Maize Weevil Infestations. International Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(2), pp. 233-241.

Perera, A. G. W., Karunaratne, M. M. S., and Chinthaka, S. D. M., 2019. Qualitative Determination, Quantitative Evaluation and Comparative Insecticidal Potential of Ruta graveolens Essential Oil and Its Major Constituents in the Management of Two Stored Pests Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) And Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). 1(1), pp. 55 - 64.

Plata-Rueda, A.P., Campos, J. M., Rohim, G. S., Martinez, L.C., Santos, M.H.D., Fernandes, F. L., Serrao, J.E., and Zanuncio, J.C., 2018. Terpenoid Constituenst of cinnamon and Clove Essential Oil Cause Toxic Effects and Behavior Repellency Response on Granary Weevil, Sihtophilus granaries, Ecotoxilogy and Enviromental Safety, 156, pp.263 - 270

Prijono, D., 1999. Pengembangan dan Pemanfaatan Insektisida Alami. Pusat Kajian Pengendalian Hama Terpadu. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Prijono, D., 2003. Teknik Ekstraksi, Uji Hayati dan Aplikasi Senyawa Bioaktif Tumbuhan. Panduan bagi Pelaksana PHT Perkebunan Rakyat. Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Prijono, D., 2004. Penggunaan dan Perancangan Pengujian Pestisida Berbahan Aktif Majemuk. Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Institut pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Reddy, D. N., and Al-Rajab, A. J. 2016. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Ruta graveolens L. volatile oils. Cogent Chemistry, 2(1220055), pp 1 -11.

Reis, K. B., Côrtes, M. V. D. C. B., Martins, F. S., Filippi, M. C. C. D., Paula, J. R. D. and Conceição, E. C. D., 2015. Characterization of rue extract and its potential for controlling rice blast. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 50(2), pp. 1121-1130.

Setiawati, W., Murtiningsih, R., and Hasyim, A.,2011. Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Essential Oil from Cymbopogon Nardus as Ovipotion Deterrent and Ovicidal Activities again Helicoverpa armigera Hubner on Chili Pepper. Indonesia Journal of Agritural science, 12(1), pp.9-16.

Utami, S., Syaufina., and Haneda., 2015. Daya Racun Ekstrak Kasar Daun Bintaro (Cerbera odollam gaertn) Terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 15(2), pp 96-100.

Undang – Undang No 6 Tahun 1995 Tentang Sistem Perlindungan Tanaman. [online] https://psp.pertanian.go.id/storage/555/PP-No.-6-Tahun-1995-Tentang-Perlindungan Tanaman. Diakses tanggal 20 Januari 2023 Pukul 16.00 WIB.

Zahron, U, A., Wahyuni D., and Iqbal, M., 2022. Toksisitas Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Daun Buas-Buas (Premna serratifolia L.) terhadap Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Culex sp. Jurnal Saintifika, 24(1), pp. 10-19.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v9i1.29113

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian

 


JIM Agribisnis|JIM Agroteknologi|JIM Peternakan|JIM Teknologi Hasil Pertanian|JIM Teknik Pertanian|
JIM Ilmu Tanah|JIM Proteksi Tanaman|JIM Kehutanan


E-ISSN: 2614-6053 2615-2878 Statistic Indexing | Citation | Dimensions


Alamat Tim Redaksi:
Fakultas Pertanian,Universitas Syiah Kuala
Jl. Tgk. Hasan Krueng Kalee No. 3, Kopelma Darussalam,
Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Email:jimfp@usk.ac.id