Pengaruh Varietas dan Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Pinang (Areca catechu L.)

Abstract

Abstrak. Tanaman pinang merupakan tanaman dari keluarga palma. Rendahnya hasil produktivitas pinang di Aceh dikarenakan sistem budidaya yang belum maksimal, salah satunya pemanfaatan varietas yang unggul ditingkat petani. Selain faktor varietas pertumbuhan pembibitan tanaman pinang dapat juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan seperti media tanam sebagai tempat tumbuhnya tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh varietas dan media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tanaman pinang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di University Farm Sektor Timur, Darussalam, Kecamatan Syiah Kuala, Kota Banda Aceh, Provinsi Aceh berlangsung dari bulan Maret sampai Juli 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial 2x4 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah varietas pinang terdiri dari varietas Betara dan varietas Wangi. Faktor kedua ialah media tanam terdiri dari tanah+pupuk kendang sapi(1:1), arang sekam padi+pupuk kandang sapi(1:1), kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit+pupuk kandang sapi(1:1), dan tanah+arang sekam padi+kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit+pupuk kandang sapi(1:1:1:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 60 dan 90HST, diameter 90 dan 120HST, jumlah daun 60, 90 dan 120HST, Panjang akar, dan berat akar kering. Pertumbuhan bibit tanaman pinang yang terbaik dijumpai pada varietas Betara. Selanjutnya media tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 120HST, diameter batang 90 dan 120HST. Pertumbuhan bibit tanaman pinang terbaik dijumpai pada media arang sekam padi+pupuk kandang sapi(1:1). Terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara varietas dan media tanam terhadap parameter berat brangkasan basah. Kombinasi terbaik dijumpai pada media tanam arang sekam padi dan pupuk kandang sapi(1:1) dan varietas Betara dengan nilai 36,90g.

The Effect of Varieties and Growing Media on the Growth of Areca Seedlings (Areca catechu L.)

Abstract. Areca (Areca catechu L.) is one of the plants from the palm family. The low productivity of areca nut in Aceh is caused by a cultivation system which has not been maximized. One of them is the utilization of superior varieties at the farmer level. Besides variety factor, the growth of areca plants is also influenced by environmental factors such as planting media as a place where the plants grows. This study aimed to determine the effect of varieties and planting medium on the growth of areca seeds. This research was carried out at the East Sector University Farm, Darussalam, Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh City, Aceh Province from March to July 2022. This study used a 2x4 factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 3 repetitions. The first factor is the areca variety which consists of the Betara variety and the Wangi variety. The second factor was the planting medium which consists of soil+cow manure(1:1), rice husk charcoal+cow manure(1:1), empty fruit bunches of palm cow dung(1:1) and soil+rice husk charcoal+the compost of palm empty fruit bunches+cow manure(1:1:1:1). The results showed that the varietal treatment had a very significant effect on plant height 60 and 90DAP, diameter 90 and 120DAP, number of leaves 60, 90 and 120DAP, the root length, and the dry root weight. The best growth of areca nut seeds was found in the Betara variety. Furthermore, the planting medium had a very significant effect on the plant height at 120DAP, stem diameter at 90 and 120DAP. The best growth of areca nut seeds was found in the medium of rice husk charcoal+cow manure(1:1). There was a significant interaction between varieties and planting medium on the wet stover weight parameters. The best combination was found in the planting medium of rice husk charcoal and cow manure(1:1) and the Betara variety with a value of 36.90g.