Karakteristik Morfologi dan Fisika Tanah pada Lahan Gambut Pasca dan Non Terbakar di Desa Lueng Gayo Kecamatan Teunom Aceh Jaya

Abstract

Abstrak. Kebakaran lahan gambut sebagian besar disebabkan oleh pembukaan lahan gambut. kebakaran lahan gambut menyebabkan air tanah turun dan kering. Lahan gambut yang kering menyebabkan lahan yang secara alamiah sangat menyerap air (hydrophilic) menjadi tidak bisa menyerap air lagi (hydrophobic) dan kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membanding dan mempelajari dampak perubahan beberapa sifat fisik tanah dan morfologi gambut akibat dari kebakaran yang terjadi di Desa Lueng Gayo Kecamatan Teunom Aceh Jaya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret – Juli 2023 di lahan gambut bekas terbakar di tahun 2021 dan 2022. Parameter yang diamati ialah kematangan, kedalaman, warna, subsidence, bearing capacity, kering tak balik, bulk density dan kadar air.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lahan gambut terbakar memiliki nilai bulk density tertinggi yaitu 0,47 g cm^-3, sedangkan nilai terendahnya didapat di penggunaan lahan gambut sawit non terbakar dengan nilai bulk density 0,31 cm^-3. Sedangkan nilai kadar air tertinggi terdapat pada lahan gambut yang belum dibudidayakan dengan nilai 380,77%, sedangkan nilai terendahnya yaitu terdapat pada penggunaan lahan gambut sawit terbakar dengan nilai 336,88%. Hal ini dikarenakan pada penggunaan lahan gambut terbakar nilai bulk density tertinggi namun nilai kadar air pada penggunaan lahan gambut non-budidaya nilai kadar air tertinggi, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya perbedaan karakteristik dan sifat fisik tanah pada lahan gambut terbakar dan gambut non-terbakar.

Soil Morphology and Physical Characteristics of Post and Non-Burned Peatlands in Lueng Gayo Village, Teunom District, Aceh Jaya

Abstract. Peatland fires are mostly caused by clearing peatlands. Peatland fires cause groundwater to drop and dry up. Dry peatlands result in land that naturally absorbs a lot of water (hydrophilic) becomes unable to absorb water any more (hydrophobic) and dry. This research aims to compare and study the impact of changes in several physical soil properties and peat morphology as a result of fires that occurred in Lueng Gayo Village, Teunom District, Aceh Jaya. This research was carried out in March – July 2023 on peatlands that had been burned in 2021 and 2022. The parameters observed were maturity, depth, color,subsidence, bearing capacity, dry never to return,bulk density and water content.. The research results show that the use of burned peat land has valuebulk density The highest is 0.47 g cm^-3, while the lowest value was obtained in the use of non-burnt oil palm peat land with value bulk density 0,31 cm^-3. Meanwhile, the highest water content value is found in peatland that has not been cultivated with a value of 380.77%, while the lowest value is found in the use of burnt oil palm peatland with a value of 336.88%. This is due to the use of burned peatlands bulk density the highest but the water content value in non-cultivated peatland use is the highest, so it can be concluded that there are differences in the characteristics and physical properties of the soil in burned peatlands and non-burned peatlands.