Pengaruh Pemberian Biochar Sekam Padi dan Kayu Pulai terhadap Jumlah Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca N2O pada Kedelai Edamame (Glycine max L. Merril)

Abstract

Abstrak. Gas rumah kaca merupakan penyebab terjadinya global warming, seiring dengan kemajuan zaman dan teknologi peningkatan gas rumah kaca semakin meningkat. Peningkatan gas berasal dari bidang industri, pembangkit listrik, pembakaran bahan fosil, transportasi dan dari bidang pertanian. Meningkatnya gas rumah kaca menyebabkan terjadinya efek rumah kaca. Efek rumah kaca diartikan sebagai proses masuknya radiasi matahari dan terjebak di atmosfer, sehingga terjadinya peningkatan suhu di permukaan bumi. Emisi gas rumah kaca terdiri dari CO₂ 55%, CH₄ 15%, N₂O 6% dan 24% gas lainnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kebun percobaan Sektor Timur, Darussalam, Banda Aceh.  Analisis  tanah  dilakukan di BPTP (Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian). Pengukuran Gas Rumah Kaca N₂O dilakukan langsung di lapangan dengan menggunakan Greenhouse Chamber pada menit ke 10, 20,dan 30 untuk setiap perlakuan, kemudian Emisi Gas N₂O dianalisis di Laboratorium Fakultas Teknik dan Lingkungan Universitas Syiah Kuala. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan lima  perlakuan yaitu P₀ (Kontrol), P₁ (Sekam Padi 20 ton/ha), P₂ (Sekam Padi 30 ton/ha), P₃ (Kayu Pulai 20 ton/ha), P₄ (Kayu Pulai 30 ton/ha), dan tiga ulangan sehingga dihasilkan 15 plot percobaan dengan dosis biochar 0, 20 dan 30 ton/ha. Pemberian biochar dilakukan pada musim tanam dengan cara disebar dan diaduk pada bedengan sampai ke dalaman 20 cm dan diinkubasi selama 3 minggu dengan luas bedengan 2m x 3m  serta penanaman dilakukan pada jarak tanam 20 x 20 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian biochar sekam padi dan kayu pulai terhadap jumlah emisi N₂O pada tanaman kedelai edamame lebih mampu menekan gas emisi N₂O dari biochar kayu pulai.

The Effect of Rice Husk and Pulai Wood Biochar on The Amount of N₂O Greenhouse Gas Emission in Edamame Soybean  (Glycine max L. Merril)

Abstract. Greenhouse gases are the cause of global warming, as time progresses and technology increases, greenhouse gases increase. The increase in gas comes from industry, electricity generation, burning of fossil materials, transportation and from agriculture. The increase in greenhouse gases causes the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is defined as the process of solar radiation entering and being trapped in the atmosphere, resulting in an increase in temperature on the earth's surface. Greenhouse gas emissions consist of 55% CO2, 15% CH4, 6% N2O and 24% other gases. This research was conducted at the East Sector experimental garden, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. Soil analysis was carried out at BPTP (Agricultural Technology Assessment Center). N2O Greenhouse Gas measurements were carried out directly in the field using a Greenhouse Chamber at 10, 20 and 30 minutes for each treatment, then N2O Gas Emissions were analyzed in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Syiah Kuala University. The implementation of this research used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) with five treatments, namely P0 (Control), P1 (Rice Husk 20 tons/ha), P2 (Rice Husk 30 tons/ha), P3 (Pulai Wood 20 tons/ha) , P4 (pulai wood 30 tonnes/ha), and three replications resulting in 15 experimental plots with biochar doses of 0, 20 and 30 tonnes/ha. Biochar is given during the growing season by spreading and stirring it on the bed to a depth of 20 cm and incubating for 3 weeks with a bed area of 2m x 3m and planting is done at a spacing of 20 x 20 cm. The results of the research showed that the application of rice husk and pulai wood biochar to the amount of N2O emissions in edamame soybean plants was more able to reduce N2O emissions from pulai wood biochar.