Analisis Karakteristik Biochar Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) dan Kayu Pulai (Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br)

Abstract

Abstrak. Biochar merupakan arang hitam berpori yang kaya karbon. Penggunaan biochar saat ini semakin meluas baik sebagai industri pertanian, bahan bakar alternatif, industri kimia maupun farmasi. Kandungan senyawa fisik-kimia pada setiap bahan baku (feedstock) berbeda-beda. Kandungan senyawa kimia seperti selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin akan mempengaruhi biochar yang dihasilkan. Bahan baku pembuatan biochar yaitu bambu petung dan kayu pulai. Uji Proksimat dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisika Tanah Universitas Syiah Kuala, uji FTIR dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penguji Kualitas Lingkungan Universitas Syiah Kuala dan uji XRF dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia Instrument Universitas Negeri Padang. Sejak bulan Desember 2022 sampai dengan Maret 2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan dilakukan uji T untuk melihat perbedaan berdasarkan uji statistika.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik pada bahan baku berbeda nyata terhadap masing-masing parameter yaitu kadar air, zat menguap, kadar abu, dan karbon terikat. Bahan baku biochar yang mempunyai karakteristik yang terbaik berdasarkan total karbon terikat terdapat pada biochar kayu pulai yaitu: 90,64% dengan kadar zat menguap/volatile matter yaitu: 94,77% dan kadar abu/ash content yaitu 4,12%. Uji FTIR menunjukkan gugus fungsi pada kedua perlakuan yaitu O–H, C=O dan C=C dengan intensitas rendah sampai sedang. Hasil uji XRF menunjukkan biochar bambu petung didominasi oleh Si sebesar 46,78%, sedangkan biochar kayu pulai didominasi oleh Ca sebesar 62,22%.

Analysis of Biochar Characteristics of Petung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) and Pulai Wood (Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br)

Abstract. Biochar is porous black charcoal that is rich in carbon. The use of biochar is currently increasingly widespread, both in the agricultural industry, alternative fuel, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The content of physical-chemical compounds in each raw material (feedstock) is different. The content of chemical compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin will affect the biochar produced. The raw materials for making biochar are petung bamboo and pulai wood. Proximate tests were carried out at the Soil Physics Laboratory at Syiah Kuala University, FTIR tests were carried out at the Environmental Quality Testing Laboratory at Syiah Kuala University and XRF tests were carried out at the Instrument Chemistry Laboratory at Padang State University. From December 2022 to March 2023. The method used is a descriptive method and a T test is carried out to see differences based on statistical tests. The results of the research show that the characteristics of the raw materials are significantly different for each parameter, namely water content, volatile matter, ash content and bound carbon. The biochar raw material that has the best characteristics based on total bound carbon is Pulai wood biochar, namely: 90.64% with a volatile matter content of: 94.77% and ash content of 4.12%. The FTIR test showed that the functional groups in both treatments were O–H, C=O and C=C with low to medium intensity. The XRF test results showed that Petung bamboo biochar was dominated by Si at 46.78%, while Pulai wood biochar was dominated by Ca at 62.22%.