Pengaruh Jenis Mikoriza dan Varietas Sorgum (Shorgum bicolor L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil

Abstract

Abstrak. Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) merupakan tanaman famili padi-padian yang biasanya dibudidayakan sebagai alternatif dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan pakan di Indonesia. Pengaplikasian pupuk mikoriza merupakan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memaksimalkan pertumbuhan dan produksi sorgum. Mikoriza memiliki kemampuan yang beragam dalam meningkatkan potensi tumbuh dan produktivitas tanaman. Mikoriza genus Glomus mosseae adaptif pada tanah yang didominasi berlempung (clay). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun percobaan II Sektor Timur dan Laboratorium Hortikultura Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, pada 29 april hingga 30 agustus 2022. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan pola faktorial 3 x 2 dan diulang tiga kali, terdapat 4 tanaman tiap satuaan percobaan sehingga terdapat 72 tanaman sorgum. Peubah yang diukur yaitu tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, waktu muncul bunga, panjang malai, bobot biji tanaman^-1, bobot kering 100 biji, potensi hasil dan persentase akar terkolonisasi oleh mikoriza. Perlakuan jenis mikoriza Glomus mosseae secara keseluruhan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sorgum. Varietas Numbu cukup baik terhadap parameter pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum.Perlakuan interaksi jenis mikoriza Glomus mosseae dengan varietas Numbu secara keseluruhan dapat meningkatkan potensi pertumbuhan dan produksi hasil.

 Kata kunci :Entisol, mikoriza, pertumbuhan, varietas 

Abstract. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a plant of the grain family which is usually cultivated as an alternative to meet food and feed needs in Indonesia. The application of mycorrhizal fertilizers is an effort that can be made to maximize the growth and production of sorghum. Mycorrhizae have various abilities in increasing the growth potential and productivity of plants. Mycorrhiza of the genus Glomus mosseae is adaptive to soils dominated by clay. The research was conducted at Experimental Garden II in Eastern Sector and Horticulture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, from 29 April to 30 August 2022. The research method was experimental using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a 3 x 2 factorial pattern and repeated three times, there were 4 plants each experimental unit so that there are 72 sorghum plants. The variables measured were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, time of flower emergence, panicle length, plant seed weight-1, dry weight of 100 seeds, yield potential and percentage of roots colonized by mycorrhiza. Treatment of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal species as a whole can increase the growth and yield of sorghum plants. The Numbu variety was quite good for sorghum plant growth parameters. The interaction treatment of the mycorrhizal species Glomus mosseae with the Numbu variety as a whole could increase growth potential and yield production.

 Keywords: Entisol, mycorrhiza, growth, varieties