Aktivitas Ekstrak Etil Asetat Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) Subfraksi A pada Berbagai Konsentrasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Gulma Bayam Duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.)

Abstract

Abstrak. Penghambatan yang disebabkan oleh gulma bisa mengganggu pertumbuhan serta perkembangan tanaman budidaya. Aplikasi herbisida kimia sintetik dalam waktu berkepanjangan cenderung menimbulkan efek negatif, sehingga perlu dicari cara yang aman bagi lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan senyawa turunan tumbuhan (alelokimia) sebagai bioherbisida. Babadotan adalah tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan guna mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etil asetat babadotan subfraksi A pada berbagai konsentrasi terhadap pertumbuhan gulma bayam duri. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Labratorium Ilmu Gulma Fakultas Pertanian, Laboratorium Herbarium Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Laboratoium Analisis Kimia Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Laboratorium Kimia Organik Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Laboratorium Analisis Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian dan Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, dari Januari hingga Juli 2022. Rancangan penelitian yang dipakai adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial, terdapat 7 perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak etil asetat babadotan subfraksi A 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, kontrol positif (2,4-D) dan kontrol negatif (aquades) dengan 3 kali ulangan, hingga didapatkan 21 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan aplikasi ekstrak etil asetat babadotan subfraksi A pada konsentrasi 4%, 6%, 8% dan 10% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tinggi gulma, jumlah daun dan diameter batang gulma bayam duri dan sama pengaruhnya dengan kontrol positif (2,4-D).

Activity of  Ethyl Acetate Extract Billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L.) Subfraction A at Various Consentration on Spiny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.)

Abstract. Inhibition caused by weeds can interfere with the growt and development of cultivated plants. The application of synthetic chemical herbicides for a long time tends to cause negative effects, so it is necessary to find environment by utilizing plant-derived compounds (alelochemicals) as bioherbicides. Billygoat is a plant that has the potential as a bioherbicides. This study aimed to decide the activity of ethyl acetate extract of billygoat weed subfraction A at various concentrations on spiny amaranth growth. This research was conducted at the Weed Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Herbarium Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Food and Agricultural Product Analysis, Faculty of Agriculture and garden experimental Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, from January to July 2022. The research design used was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), there were 7 treatments namely of a concentration of ethyl acetate extract of billygoat subfraction A 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, positive control (2,4-D) and negative control (aquades) with 3 replications, until there are 21 trial units. The results of the study proved the application of ethyl acetate extract of billygoat subfraction A at concentrations of 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% could inhibit the growth of weed height, leaf number and stem diameter on spiny amaranth thorn weed and as well as positive control (2,4-D).