Biodiversitas Arthropoda Predator pada Beberapa Varietas Padi Sawah

Abstract

Abstrak. Keberadaan arthropoda predator di ekosistem sawah memiliki peran sebagai musuh alami dalam mengendalikan populasi hama tanaman padi sehingga memberi manfaat bagi petani. Penggunaan varietas padi yang tahan juga berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan serangan hama tanaman padi yang juga mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan arthropoda predator. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari tingkat keanekeragaman dan kelimpahan arthropoda predator pada beberapa varietas padi sawah. Varietas yang digunakan adalah Inpari 16, Ciherang, dan IR 64. Peubah yang diamati meliputi identifikasi dan populasi arthropoda predator, keanekaragaman arthropoda predator, kelimpahan arthropoda predator, indeks keanekaragaman arthropoda predator dan indeks dominasi arthropoda predator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 2 kelas arthropoda predator yaitu Hexapoda (serangga) dan Arachnida (laba-laba). Total individu arthropoda predator secara keseluruhan mencapai 1.948 individu. Arthropoda predator yang paling dominan ditemukan pada Varietas Inpari 16 dan Ciherang adalah spesies laba-laba Tetragnatha maxillosa, sementara pada Varietas IR 64 adalah laba-laba Pardosa pseudoannulata. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman arthropoda predator pada padi Varietas Inpari 16 dan IR 64 termasuk kriteria tinggi dan kategori stabil, masing-masing Inpari 16 H’=2,24 dan IR 64 H’=2,01. Sedangkan pada Varietas Ciherang nilai Indeks Keanekaragamannya termasuk kriteria rendah dan kategori cukup stabil H’=1,60. Nilai indeks dominasi arthropoda predator pada lahan padi Varietas Inpari 16 dan IR 64 masing-masing Inpari 16 C=0,16 dan IR 64 C=0,20 termasuk kriteria rendah dan kategori stabil. Sedangkan pada varietas Ciherang indeks dominasi C=0,38 termasuk kategori cukup stabil.

Predatory Arthropods Biodiversity in Several Rice Varieties

Abstract. The presence of predatory arthropods in the rice field ecosystem has a role as natural enemies in controlling the population of rice plant pests so that it can provide benefits for farmers. The use of resistant rice varieties also affects the presence of rice plant pests which also affects the diversity and abundance of predatory arthropods. The purpose of this study was to study the level of diversity and abundance of predatory arthropods in several varieties of lowland rice. The varieties used were Inpari 16, Ciherang, and IR 64. The variables observed included identification and population of predatory arthropods, diversity of predatory arthropods, abundance of predatory arthropods, index of diversity of predatory arthropods and index of dominance of predatory arthropods. The results showed that there were 2 classes of predatory arthropods, namely Hexapoda (insects) and Arachnida (spiders). The total individual predatory arthropods reached 1,948 individuals. The most dominant predatory arthropod found in the Inpari 16 and Ciherang varieties was the spider species Tetragnatha maxillosa, while the Pardosa pseudoannulata spider was found in the IR 64 variety. The index value of predatory arthropod diversity in rice varieties Inpari 16 and IR 64 was in the high and stable category. respectively Inpari 16 H'=2.24 and IR 64 H'=2.01. Meanwhile, in the Ciherang variety, the Diversity Index value includes low criteria and the category is quite stable, H' = 1.60. The dominance index values of predatory arthropods in rice fields of each variety Inpari 16 and IR 64, Inpari 16 C=0.16 and IR 64 C=0.20 were categorized as low and stable. While the Ciherang variety, the dominance index of C=0.38 was quite stable.