Pengaruh Jenis Media Tanam dan Dosis Trichoderma harzianum terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Abstract

Abstrak. Kakao ialah komoditi kebun Indonesia yang berperan hakiki di dalam perniagaan negara. Keberhasilan dalam mengembangkan kakao amat dipastikan oleh ketersediaan bibit pada jumlah yang cukup serta mutu yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar mengetahui pengaruh jenis media tanam dan dosis Trichoderma serta interaksi antara keduanya terhadap perkembangan bibit tanaman kakao. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Januari sampai  maret 2021 di lahan Sektor Timur Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola Faktorial 4 x 4 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang diteliti ada 2, pertama media tanam (M) yaitu tanah, pupuk kandang, sekam padi, dan serbuk kayu, dan faktor kedua dosis Trichoderma (D) yaitu 0, 10, 15 dan 20 g/tanaman. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertambahan tinggi tanaman, pertambahan diameter pangkal batang, pertambahan luas daun, panjang akar, berat berangkasan basah, berat akar basah, berat berangkasan kering dan berat akar kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata pada parameter pertambahan tinggi tanaman 30 dan 90 HST, pertambahan diameter pangkal batang 30 dan 60 HST, panjang akar, berat berangkasan basah, berat berangkasan kering dan berat akar kering, berpengaruh nyata pada diameter pangkal batang 90 HST, dan berpengaruh tidak nyata pada tinggi tanaman 60 HST, pertambahan luas daun 30 dan 90 HST dan berat akar basah. Pertumbuhan bibit terbaik terdapat pada media tanam campuran tanah : pupuk kandang (2:1). Trichoderma berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara media tanam dan dosis Trichoderma terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao.

Kata kunci: Kakao, Pupuk kandang, sekam padi, serbuk kayu, Trichoderma harzianum

 Effect of Growing Media and Dosage of Trichoderma harzianum on the Growth of Cacao Seeds (Theobroma cacao L.)

Abstract. Cocoa is one of the national mainstay plantation commodities that play an important role in the country's economy. The success of cocoa plant development is largely determined by the availability of seeds in sufficient quantities and good quality. This study to determine the effect of planting media and dose of Trichoderma and the interaction between the two on the growth of cacao seedlings. This research was conducted from January to March 2021 in the East Sector of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. This study used a 4 x 4 factorial randomized block design (RAK) with 3 replications and 2 factors, the first planting medium (M) namely soil, manure, rice husks, and sawdust. While the second factor is the dose of Trichoderma (D) which is 0, 10, 15 and 20 g/plant. Parameters observed included plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root length, wet root weight, wet root weight, dry root weight and dry root weight. The results of this study showed that the planting medium had very significant effect on the parameters of plant height increase at 30 and 90 DAP, diameter increase at the base of the stem 30 and 60 DAP, root length, wet root weight, dry root weight and dry root weight, significantly affected the diameter of the stem base 90 DAP, and had no significant effect on plant height at 60 DAP, increase in leaf area at 30 and 90 DAP and wet root weight. The best seedling growth is found in a mixed soil planting medium: manure (2:1). Trichoderma had no significant effect on the growth of cocoa seedlings. There was no interaction between the planting medium and the dose of Trichoderma on the growth of cocoa seedlings.

Keywords: Cacao, Manure, Rice husks, Sawdust, Trichoderma harzianum