Uji Aktivitas Bioherbisida Ekstrak Etil Asetat Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Gulma Bayam Duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.)

Abstract

Abstrak. Teki memiliki potensi sebagai bioherbisida karena dapat menghambat perkecambahan dan perkembangan tanaman. Pelarut merupakan unsur penting dalam siklus ekstraksi suatu senyawa, pelarut akan mengeluarkan senyawa sesuai fungsinya. Dalam penelitian ini, etil asetat digunakan sebagai pelarut karena etil asetat bersifat semi polar, artinya dapat menarik campuran polar dan non polar, memiliki tingkat bahaya yang rendah dan bersifat volatil sehingga lebih berpeluang untuk digunakan dalam ekstraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana aktivitas bioherbisida ekstrak etil asetat teki pada berbagai konsentrasi terhadap perkembangan gulma berduri bayam bayam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Jurusan Agroteknologi dan Rumah Kasa Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Laboratorium Pendidikan Kimia Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Laboratorium Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini dimulai dari bulan Juni sampai September 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola non faktorial dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu 2,4-D 0,686 kg b.a.ha^-1 (kontrol positif); aquades (kontrol negatif);ekstrak etil asetat teki 5%; 10%; 15%; 20%, dengan 3 kali ulangan, sehingga terdapat 18 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 2 pot, sehingga terdapat 36 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etil asetat teki konsentrasi 20% dapat menurunkan diameter batang dan tinggi batang bayam duri umur 7 HSA. Berdasarkan hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak etil asetat teki mengandung senyawa fenolik, tanin, flavonoid, terpenoid, streroid dan alkaloid.

Bioherbicide Activity Test of The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Nut Grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) on The Growth of Weed Spiny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.)

Abstract. The nut grass has potential as a bioherbicide because it can inhibit plant germination and development. The solvent is an important element in the extraction cycle of a compound, the solvent will remove the compound according to its function. In this study, ethyl acetate was used as a solvent because ethyl acetate is semi polar, meaning that it can attract a mixture of polar and non-polar, has a low level of danger and is volatile so it is more likely to be used in extraction. The purpose of this study was to determine how the bioherbicide activity of ethyl acetate extract of nut grass at various concentrations on the development of spiny amaranth weed. The research was carried out at the Weed Science Laboratory, Agrotechnology Department and the Screen House for Experimental Gardens, Faculty of Agriculture, Chemistry Education Laboratory, Teacher Training and Educational Sciences, Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. This study started from June to September 2021. This study used a completely randomized design with a non-factorial pattern with 6 treatments, namely 2,4-D 0.686 kg a.i.ha-1 (positive control); aquades (negative control); 5% ethyl acetate extract of nut grass; 10%; 15%; 20%, with 3 replications, so there are 18 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of  2 pots, so there were 36 experimental units. The results showed that the administration of ethyl acetate extract of nut grass at a concentration of 20% reduced the stem diameter and stem height of thorn spiny amaranth aged 7 day after application. Based on the results of phytochemical tests, the ethyl acetate extract of nut grass contains phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids.