Penilaian Kualitas Tanah Kebun Kakao Rakyat Menggunakan Kriteria Minimum Data Set (MDS) dan Korelasinya dengan Produksi Kakao di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya

Abstract

Abstrak. Provinsi Aceh secara agroekosistem berpotensi besar dalam pengembangan kakao. Salah satu sentra produksi kakao di Aceh adalah Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Luas kebun kakao rakyat di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya pada tahun 2017 adalah 13.404 ha dengan produksi 4.349 ton per tahun.  Kualitas tanah sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan kakao.  Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis kualitas tanah kebun kakao rakyat menggunakan nilai soil quality rating (SQR) dan hubungannya dengan produksi kakao rakyat di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya.  Bahan yang digunakan adalah sampel tanah utuh dan tanah tidak utuh.  Data primer merupakan data hasil pengamatan lapangan, baik data maupun data produksi.  Analisis sifat-sifat fisika tanah (ER), sifat-sifat kimia tanah (TP), dan sifat-sifat biologi tanah (OM), disesuaikan dengan faktor pembatas dan bobot relatif, maka diperoleh hasil kualitas tanah.  Kualitas tanah ditentukan dengan menghitung nilai Soil Quality Rating (SQR), yaitu kelas kualitas tanah yang dihitung berdasarkan penjumlahan bobot nilai tiap indikator kualitas tanah (Lal, 1994).  Berdasarkan hasil penjumlahan bobot nilai tiap indikator kualitas tanah, lalu dibandingkan dengan standar kualitas tanah yang disusun Lal (1994) maka diperoleh kualitas tanah.  Kualitas tanah kebun kakao rakyat dari kedelapan satuan lahan yang ada di 4 kecamatan di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya termasuk kedalam kriteria kualitas tanah sedang, buruk dan sangat buruk dan produksi kakao rakyat dalam kategori rendah yaitu 3,7-11,2 ton/ha.

Soil Quality Assessment of Community Cocoa Farms Using Minimum Data Set (MDS) Criteria and Its Correlation with Cocoa Production in Pidie Jaya

Abstract. Aceh Province as an agro-ecosystem has great potential in cocoa development. One of the cocoa production centers in Aceh is Pidie Jaya Regency. The area of community cocoa plantations in Pidie Jaya Regency in 2017 was 13,404 ha with a production of 4,349 tons per year. Soil quality greatly affects cocoa growth. The purpose of the study was to analyze the soil quality of the community's cocoa plantations using the value of the soil quality rating (SQR) and its relations with the cocoa production of the people in Pidie Jaya Regency. The materials used were intact soil samples and incomplete soil samples. Primary data is data from field observations, both data and production data. Analysis of soil physical properties (ER), soil chemical properties (TP), and soil biological properties (OM), adjusted for limiting factors and relative weights, obtained soil quality results. Soil quality is determined by calculating the value of the Soil Quality Rating (SQR), namely the soil quality class which is calculated based on the sum of the weight values of each soil quality indicator (Lal, 1994). Based on the results of the sum of the weight values of each soil quality indicator, then compared with the soil quality standards compiled by Lal (1994), the soil quality is obtained. The soil quality of the people's cocoa plantations from the eight land units in 4 sub-districts in Pidie Jaya Regency is included in the criteria for medium, poor and very poor soil quality and the community's cocoa production is in the low category, namely 3.7-11.2 tons/ha.