VIABILITAS LARVA PADA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus DAN Culex quinquefasciatus DENGAN BERBAGAI TINGKAT INFEKSI MIKROFILARIA (LARVA VIABILITY IN MOSQUITO Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus AND Culex quinquefasciatus WITH VARIOUS INFECTIONS OF MICROFILARIA)

Auliya rahmi Ritonga, T. Fadrial Karmil, T. Zahrial Helmi, Winaruddin Winaruddin, M. Hanafiah, Razali Daud, M Daud AK

Abstract


                Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui viabilitas larva yang berperan aktif pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopyctus dan Culex quinquefasciatus mulai dari larva satu hingga mencapai larva tiga atau larva infektif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah anjing reservoir yang berjumlah 3 ekor dengan tingkat infeksi mikrofilaria 330 mf/ml darah, 1.430 mf/ml darah dan 10.395 mf/ml darah. Nyamuk yang diinfeksikan dengan berbagai tingkat infeksi mikrofilaremik tersebut diamati dan dilakukan pembedahan pada hari 1,3,6,9 dan 12. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa viabilitas larva pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopyctus dan C. quinquefasciatus yang dilakukan penginfeksian dengan tingkat infeksi 330 mf/ml darah berkisar 80,08 %, 70,26 % dan 78,47 %; tingkat infeksi 1.430 mf/ml darah yaitu 65,72 %, 62,31 % dan 61,93 %; serta pada tingkat infeksi tinggi 10.395 mf/ml darah berkisar 53,92%, 55,79 % dan 54,27 %. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketiga jenis nyamuk tersebut berpotensi untuk menyebarkan penyakit dirofilariasis, hal ini sangat tergantung dari jumlah mikrofilaria yang terkandung dalam host defenitif. Semakin rendah tingkat infeksi maka semakin besar kemampuan nyamuk berpotensi menyebarkan penyakit.

This study aims to determine the viability of the larvae that play an active role in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, Aedes albopyctus and Culex quinquefasciatus from larvae one to reach the larvae of three or infective larvae. The samples used in this study were 3 reservoir dogs with microfilariae infection rate of 330 mf / ml of blood, 1,430 mf / ml of blood and 10,395 mf / ml of blood. Mosquitoes infected with various levels of microfilinemic infection were observed and performed surgery on days 1,3,6,9 and 12. The results showed that the viability of larvae in Ae mosquitoes. aegypti, Ae. albopyctus and C. quinquefasciatus infected with infection rate of 330 mf / ml of blood ranged 80.08%, 70.26% and 78.47%; infection rate 1.430 mf / ml of blood that is 65,72%, 62,31% and 61,93%; as well as at high infection rate 10,395 mf / ml of blood ranged 53.92%, 55.79% and 54.27%. So it can be concluded that the three types of mosquitoes have the potential to spread disease diropfilariasis, it is highly dependent of the number of microfilaria contained in the host defenitif. The lower the infection rate the greater the ability of mosquitoes to spread disease.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abraham,D., M.Mok., M. Mika-Grieve and R.B Grieve. 1988. In vitro Culture of Dirofilaria immitis Third and Fourth-stage Larvae Under Definied Conditions. J.Parasitol 73(2): 377-383.

Apperson, C. S., B. Engber and J. F. Levine. 1989. Relative Susceptibility of Aedes albopyctus and Aedes aegypti in North Carolina to Support Development of Dirofilaria immitis. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 5(3): 377-382.

Christensen, B.M., Lafond and L.A Christensen. 1986. Defence reactions of Mosquitoes to Filarial worm: Effect of Host Age on The Immune Response to Dirofilaria immitis microfiariae. J. Parasitol. 72 (2): 212-215.

Dharmojono. 2003. Anjing permasalahan dan pemecahan. Jakarta (ID): Penebar Swadaya.

Georgi, J. R. 1989. Parasitology for Veterinarians. W.B. Saunders Company. Philladelphia, USA. p. 2589.

Handharyani, R dan R. Wulansari. 1995. Infeksi Dirofilaria Immitis pada Kajian Patologik. Media Veteriner 2(1): 35-40.

Huminto H., D. Ratih., E. Herlina., S.Estuningsih., I. W. T. Wibawan., S. Bahagia., K. Uchida., R. Yamaguchi and S.Tateyama. 1995. A comparative Epidemilogical Studi on Canine Disease between Bogor, Indonesia and Miyazaki, Japan, During a 5 years Period from 1990-1994. Symposium of International Scientific Research Program Between Miyazuki University , Japan and Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia. p. 1-9.

Jones, L.M., M. V,. Meisch and F. L. Farmer.1993. Survey of dirofilaria in Arkansas. Operat. And Sci. Notes. J.Am.Mosq. Control Assoc. 9(2): 235-237.

Karmil, T.F. 1996. Perkembangan Mikrofilaria Dirofilaria immitis Temuan Lokal dalam Tubuh Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Strai Liverpool yang diinfeksikan secara terkendali. Thesis. Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertaniam Bogor, 85 hal.

Karmil, T.F. 2002. Studi Biologis dan Potensi Vektor Alami Dirofilaria immitis sebagai landasan penyiapan bahan hayati. Disertasi. IPB.

Konishi, E.1989. Culex tritaeniorchinchus and Aedes albopyctus (Diptera’; Culicidae) as Natural vector of Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Filariidae) in Miki City. Japan med. Entomol. 26(4) : 420-424.

Lok JB. 1988. Dirofilaria Sp: Taxonomy and Distribution. Di dalam: Boreham PFL dan Atwell RB, editor Dirofilariasis. CRC Press. 28 hal.

Lowrie, R.C. 1991. Poor Vector Efficiency of Culex quinquefasciatus Following Infection with Dirofilaria immitis.J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 7 (1): 30-36.

Manalu R.R. 2008. Faktor Risiko Manajemen Pemeliharaan Anjing Terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Dirofilaria Immitis Di Wilayah Pulau Jawa Dan Bali. Skripsi. Program Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, 52 hal.

Nappi,A.J and B.M Christensen. 1986. Hemocyte cell surface change in Aedes aegypti in response to microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis. J. Parasitol. 72(6): 876-879.

Palmer, C.A., D.D Wittrock and B.M Christensen. 1986. Ultrstucture of Malphigian tubulus of Aedes aegypty infected with Dirofilaria immitis. J. Inverte. Pathol 48(3): 310-317.

Parker, B.M. 1993. Presumed Dirofilaria immitis Infections from Field-colected mosquitoes in North Carolina. J.Am.Mosq. Control. Assoc. 2(2): 231-233.

Parrott, Y., P. E. C. greiner and J. D. Parrott. 1984. Dirofilaria immitis Infection in Three Ferrets. JAVMA. 184(5): 582-583.

Partono, F., S. Oemiyati, Hoedojo, A. Joesoep, H. Sajidiman, J. Putrali, M. D Carko, W. P. Carney and J. H. Cross. 1977. Malayan Filariasis in Central Celebes, Indonesia. S.E.A. J. Trop. Med. Hlth. 8(4): 452-458.

Siegmund, H. O., C.M. Fraser., J.Archilbald., D.C. Blood., J.A. Henderson., P.M. Newbwern., G.H. Sneyenbos and S.W.L. Wiepers. 1979. The Merck Veterinary Manual. A handbook of Diagnosis and Therapy for Veterinarians. 4th.Ed Merck and Co.Inc. Rahway, N.J. USA.

Smyth, J.D. 1981. Introduction to Animal Parasitology. Lomdon, Toronto. pp. 208-311.

Widodo, S. dan T.F. Karmil. 1995. Cacing jantung Dirofilaria immitis pada Anjing. Media vet. 2(1):25-34.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21157/jim%20vet..v5i1.8578

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.